Transportation

The movement of people and goods from one place to another place is known as transportation. Transportation movements, combined into various system and networks, are by way of Land =Automobile, Railroad Water= Ship. Air= Airplane. In the late 18th century gravel roads were introduced to the United States. The roads that were first built had a toll on them, and were called turnpikes. One of the first toll roads was the Lancaster turnpike in Pennsylvania. Plank roads and corduroy roads, were made of lumber or logs laid side by side to overcome mud and dust, they were made in the 1830s, and 1840s. They continue with further development of road construction oil, pavement and cement. The use of steam power to drive vehicles was applied as early as 1769. The first steam powered vehicles were intended for use on common roads. It was in water transportation, that the early use of steam power was the most successful and enduring. By the 1820s, steamboats were on the Great Lakes and the rivers of the Mississippi and Ohio valleys. Along with the development of canals, their use greatly reduced shipping costs. By the 1840s, vessels were crossing Atlantic entirely by steam power. The growth of railroads grew very quickly. Railroads were used in Europe as early as the mid-1500s. Men or animals would push wagons loaded with material along wooden tracks. Later iron tracks were used and the introduction of steam power. In the United States the Baltimore and Ohio railroad began operation in the 1830s. Just as the early roads were used as inland access to ports the railroads were used the same. The spread of railroads grew rapidly in the eastern and southern United States. Railroads became the most popular use of overland transportation. Sleeping cars and dining cars increased the comfort of the passengers. In 1832 the horse-drawn tramcar on rails was adopted in New York City and in the following decades became widely accepted as an inexpensive transportation. By the mid-1850s, railroads linked the Atlantic Ocean to the Midwest. In 1869 the first transcontinental rail was completed to the Pacific coast. Beginning in 1863, steam powered underground railways were beginning operation. In 1880s electric power was introduced to land transportation. When electric street railways were introduced they began to take over land transportation. By 1900 they had replaced horse cars and cable cars as the main form of urban transportation. Electric power spread early in the 20th century to inter city railroad lines but later the diesel-electric locomotive became dominant in the railroad train as the main passenger carrier in the United States. Some of the first successful gasoline automobiles were developed in Germany by Karl Benz and Gottlieb Daimler in the 1880s and In the United States by Charles E. and J. Frank Duryea in 1893. Although steam and electricity powered some early automobiles, the internal-combustion gasoline engine soon became the favored form of automotive power. The early countryside roads were rarely paved. By the 1890s, however, some roads near the cities were being paved for the increasing population of bicycle riding. As the automobile came into common use in the 1900s,